Acetylene (C2H2), also called Ethyne, is a chemical compound comprised of Carbon and Hydrogen. Acetylene is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. Acetylene does not have a melting point at atmospheric pressures, and thus cannot exist as a liquid. At atmospheric pressure, solid Acetylene will sublime at its melting point of −84.0 °C. Only at −80.8 °C and at a minimal pressure of 1.27atm, liquid Acetylene can exist. Pure Acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities. Acetylene produces the hottest and most concentrated primary flame of all industrial fuel gases. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution, where Acetylene is dissolved in Acetone. The cylinders that Acetylene is filled into are typically more substantial than other cylinders because they are packed with a porous filler material.This material’s purpose is to stop the Acetylene from reacting within the cylinder.

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Argon (Ar) is a chemical element that is in the 18th group of the periodic table. Therefore, it is considered a noble element. It is a monatomic and a chemically inert element. The melting point of argon is -189.2°C, and its boiling point is -185.9°C. Argon is also the third most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere, as it makes up roughly 0.9% of the Earth’s atmosphere. Argon is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-corrosive, non-flammable, and non-toxic.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a Chemical compound comprised of Carbon and Oxygen. At temperatures higher than -78.8°C, Carbon Dioxide sublimes as it cannot exist as a liquid at standard atmospheric pressure. However, at temperatures below -78.8°C, Carbon Dioxide can exist as a solid, known as Dry Ice, at normal atmospheric pressure. Carbon Dioxide is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable gas that is heavier than air and soluble in Water. Carbon dioxide is considered a greenhouse gas because it helps traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it, and other gases, the Earth would be frozen.

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Helium (He) Helium (He) is a chemical element, the first of the periodic table’s noble gas group. The boiling point and melting point of helium are the lowest of all other substances, and its boiling point is -268.9°C. And it is the only element that cannot solidify by cooling at atmospheric pressure, regardless of temperature, only at 25 atm and a temperature of -272.2°C or below will it become solid. It is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and inert monatomic gas. Helium is very light; it is the second lightest gas in the periodic table. As a result, Earth’s gravity is not strong enough to hold it in its atmosphere. Therefore, when helium gas is released, it will rise up and eventually escape into space.

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Hydrogen (H2) is a molecule that makes up 98% of the known universe, and it is the third most abundant element on the Earth’s surface. Hydrogen’s boiling point is -252.9°C, and its melting point is -259.1°C. It is the second coldest known fluid, next to helium. It is the lightest of all the gases; Earth’s gravity is not strong enough to hold it in its atmosphere. Therefore, when Hydrogen gas is released, it will rise up and eventually escape into space. Hydrogen is a component of Water, minerals, and acids. It makes up a fundamental part of all hydrocarbons and organic substances. Next to helium, it is the coldest known fluid. Hydrogen is valued for its reactive and protective properties.

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Nitrogen (N₂) is a molecule that constitutes 78% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen has a boiling point of -195.8°C, at atmospheric pressure, and a melting point of -210°C. Also, if Nitrogen is compressed, it can turn into a solid without cooling. It is a colorless, odorless and inert gas. Nitrogen is valued both as a gas for its inert properties and a liquid for cooling and freezing. Virtually any industry can benefit from its unique properties.

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Oxygen (O2) is a molecule that constitutes approximately 21% of Earth’s air. Oxygen’s boiling point -183°C and its melting point is −218.8°C, at normal atmospheric pressure. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas essential to living organisms. It is valued for its strong oxidizing and life-sustaining properties. Oxygen and practically any other element react to create compounds. In many cases, the reaction of Oxygen with other elements generates heat and light, called combustion. Oxygen’s most important and well-known compound is Water.

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